Systems are defined as regularly interacting or interdependent groups of items forming a unified whole. They can be found everywhere and in this increasingly globalised world, complex systems continuously spring to life. For example, businesses from different nations are tied together in complex supply chain

SWOT-Analysis is a strategic planning technique developed by the Harvard Business School in the 1960s. It is used to analyse the competitiveness of businesses and organisations. Nowadays, SWOT-Analysis is not only used to evaluate businesses, but also the competitiveness for example of cities, regions and

Open innovation is a terminology that describes an innovation process that includes outside sources of knowledge into an organization. There are two important aspects to open innovation: Firstly, Integrating external knowledge and expertise into an organization. Secondly, sharing knowledge in innovation networks with others. Common

Design Thinking is an umbrella term for an iterative innovation process. It focuses on a user-centered approach to develop innovation that fullfills the need of customers, users, or in the case of public service innovation, of citizien. The value of design thinking is especially apparent